To comply with the guidelines on the design of toxicity studies, “the choice of the route of administration of a given compound should depend on the physical and chemical characteristics of the test substance, its intended field of application, the availability of information on shorter-term repeat dose studies and the predominant route of anticipated human exposure”. For example, while an oral administration will be favored if human exposure to the test substance is most likely to be through food, other administration routes might be more appropriate to test other substances such as pharmaceuticals (intravenous or subcutaneous routes).

ERBC uses a broad range of administration routes in a variety of animal models. Its long-standing experience in in vivo pharmacology and toxicology guarantees that the best choice with respect to administration route and animal model will be made to comply with regulatory authorities, while taking particular care in ensuring animal welfare throughout the completion of all assays.

• Oral
• Intratracheal
• Intranasal
• Intravenous
• Continuous intravenous infusion
• Subcutaneous
• Dermal
• Intradermal
• Intramuscular
• Intraperitoneal
• Intra-duodenal
• Intra-hepatic
• Intravaginal and Intraurethral
• Intrarectal
• Intravesicular
• Ocular (including subretinal and intravitreal)
• Central (stereotaxia)
• Intrathecal (cisterna magna)
• Intra-articular