Regulatory guidelines universally advice for assessment of pathological change upon administration of a test compound on peripheral blood and the functions of various organs such as the liver, kidney or bone marrow.
Pathology is in fact essential in preclinical studies to evaluate the safety of a compound, and to determine its mode of action.
ERBC has a gathered an expert group of certified veterinary and toxicological pathologists that routinely perform a broad range of assays during non-clinical toxicology studies.
Anatomic Pathology
- Collection of blood, preparation of bone marrow smears
- Perfusion fixation
- Computerized recording & reporting of macroscopic observation (Xybion/Pristima system)
- Master list for macroscopic observation (with flexible lexicon) to assure standardization and consistency of the data
- Organ weights (entered directly into the Xybion/Pristima system)
- Sampling methods following the revised guides for organ sampling and trimming in rats and mice (parts 1-3 publication of the RITA and NACAD groups Experimental Toxicologic Pathology), also extended to non-rodents
- Tissue specific fixation (formalin, Bouin’s, Davidson’s and modified Davidson’s fluids) and post-fixation (osmium tetroxide)
- Tissue processing with automated tissue processor (paraffin wax)
- Tissue processing for electron microscopy
- Tissue embedding (paraffin wax, resin or plastic)
- Tissue sectioning (cryostat or frozen sections, routine sections, semi-thin sections
- Tissue staining (H&E or a wide variety of staining methods such as special staining, enzyme histochemistry and immunohistochemistry)
- Standard short- and long-term studies in the main laboratory animals (rat, mouse, hamster, dog, rabbit, guinea pig, minipig, monkey)
- Peer review
- Standard carcinogenesis studies and alternative studies with transgenic animals
- Irritation
- Juvenile studies
- Immunopathology
- Neuropathology and developmental neuropathology
- Cardiotoxicity
- Quantitative techniques for morphological evaluation (histomorphometry, computer-based image analysis)
- Differential bone marrow count (smear and/or bone biopsy)
- Bone toxicity and metabolic bone disease with quantitative bone modelling/re-modelling parameters
- Cycle of the seminiferous epithelium (spermatogenesis) method of Leblond and Clermont and ovarian follicular counting in the assessment of rodent reproductive toxicity
- Photomicrography
Clinical Pathology
Clinical pathology analysis of biological samples
- Hematology and coagulation
- Clinical chemistry
- Urinalysis
Differential bone marrow count (Smear)
Mouse
Rat
Dog
Rabbit
Marmoset
Ferret
Cynomolgus Monkeys
Guinea Pig
